Suchergebnisse

Bij gevangenissen in de oorlog denkt men al snel aan onrecht en mishandeling. De werkelijkheid was veel gecompliceerder. Tijdens de bezetting waren er twee soorten gevangenen: de 'gewone' delinquenten en de politieke gedetineerden. Die laatste groep werd in de regel opvallend goed behandeld, omdat het gevangenispersoneel niet zelden met het verzet sympathiseerde. Deze en andere constateringen komen aan de orde in een fascinerende studie over de gevangenissen in oorlogstijd: een onderwerp dat tot nu toe merkwaardig weinig aandacht kreeg. Ralf Futselaar maakt duidelijk dat de oorlogsjaren cruciaal waren voor de ontwikkeling van het Nederlandse gevangeniswezen. Ralf Futselaar is historicus en is als onderzoeker verbonden aan het NIOD Instituut voor oorlogs-, holocaust- en genocidestudies. Hij publiceerde eerder over criminaliteit, racisme, kindersterfte, economische crises en gewelddadige vrouwen. - Geschiedenis van het gevangeniswezen in Nederland tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog

This paper analyses digitized historical parliamentary proceedings on post-war welfare legislation aimed at alleviating the suffering of victims of the German occupation of the Netherlands. The history of this legislation has been described and analysed extensively in Dutch historiography. The political discussions and welfare policies it encompassed have become emblematic for a perceived 'emotional history' of the post-war Netherlands. We take established views on these discussions, and their emotional nature, as a starting point for a distant reading exercise using (external) lexicon- based emotion mining. We show that the received wisdom concerning emotionality in post-war parliamentary discussions cannot be replicated using emotion mining techniques and discuss the consequences of this finding.

We are proposing a method to investigate changes in historical discourse by using large bodies of text and word embedding models. As a case study, we investigate discussions in Dutch Parliament about the punishment of war criminals in the period 1945-1975. We will demonstrate how word embedding models, trained with Google's Word2Vec algorithm, can be used to trace historical developments in parliamentary vocabulary through time.

We are proposing a method to investigate changes in historical discourse by using large bodies of text and word embedding models. As a case study, we investigate discussions in Dutch Parliament about the punishment of war criminals in the period 1945-1975. We will demonstrate how word embedding models, trained with Google's Word2Vec algorithm, can be used to trace historical developments in parliamentary vocabulary through time.

We are proposing a method to investigate changes in historical discourse by using large bodies of text and word embedding models. As a case study, we investigate discussions in Dutch Parliament about the punishment of war criminals in the period 1945-1975. We will demonstrate how word embedding models, trained with Google's Word2Vec algorithm, can be used to trace historical developments in parliamentary vocabulary through time.

During the German occupation of the Netherlands Dutch civilian prisons and jails were routinely used by German organisations such as the Sicherheitsdienst for the internment of political prisoners and occasionally Jewish citizens. Dutch prison staff functioned as the guards of these prisoners, but also as intermediaries between political prisoners and their supporters outside. Their complex position makes prison staff an excellent case study to better understand the position of Dutch citizens in general, and especially civil servants, between the extremes of resistance and collaboration.Tijdens de bezetting maakten Duitse organisaties zoals de Sicherheitsdienst stelselmatig gebruik van Nederlandse gevangenissen en huizen van bewaring voor de internering van politieke (verzets-) gevangenen, en incidenteel ook voor joodse burgers. Het Nederlandse gevangenispersoneel deed enerzijds dienst als bewakers van deze gevangenen, maar faciliteerde anderzijds clandestiene contacten tussen gevangenen en de buitenwereld. Hun gecompliceerde positie maakt gevangenispersoneel tot een interessante casus voor de bestudering van zowel het Nederlandse ambtenarenapparaat, als van de meerderheid van de Nederlandse burgers, die in de oorlogsjaren laveerden tussen collaboratie en verzet.

During the German occupation of the Netherlands Dutch civilian prisons and jails were routinely used by German organisations such as the Sicherheitsdienst for the internment of political prisoners and occasionally Jewish citizens. Dutch prison staff functioned as the guards of these prisoners, but also as intermediaries between political prisoners and their supporters outside. Their complex position makes prison staff an excellent case study to better understand the position of Dutch citizens in general, and especially civil servants, between the extremes of resistance and collaboration.Tijdens de bezetting maakten Duitse organisaties zoals de Sicherheitsdienst stelselmatig gebruik van Nederlandse gevangenissen en huizen van bewaring voor de internering van politieke (verzets-) gevangenen, en incidenteel ook voor joodse burgers. Het Nederlandse gevangenispersoneel deed enerzijds dienst als bewakers van deze gevangenen, maar faciliteerde anderzijds clandestiene contacten tussen gevangenen en de buitenwereld. Hun gecompliceerde positie maakt gevangenispersoneel tot een interessante casus voor de bestudering van zowel het Nederlandse ambtenarenapparaat, als van de meerderheid van de Nederlandse burgers, die in de oorlogsjaren laveerden tussen collaboratie en verzet.

During the German occupation of the Netherlands Dutch civilian prisons and jails were routinely used by German organisations such as the Sicherheitsdienst for the internment of political prisoners and occasionally Jewish citizens. Dutch prison staff functioned as the guards of these prisoners, but also as intermediaries between political prisoners and their supporters outside. Their complex position makes prison staff an excellent case study to better understand the position of Dutch citizens in general, and especially civil servants, between the extremes of resistance and collaboration. Tijdens de bezetting maakten Duitse organisaties zoals de Sicherheitsdienst stelselmatig gebruik van Nederlandse gevangenissen en huizen van bewaring voor de internering van politieke (verzets-) gevangenen, en incidenteel ook voor joodse burgers. Het Nederlandse gevangenispersoneel deed enerzijds dienst als bewakers van deze gevangenen, maar faciliteerde anderzijds clandestiene contacten tussen gevangenen en de buitenwereld. Hun gecompliceerde positie maakt gevangenispersoneel tot een interessante casus voor de bestudering van zowel het Nederlandse ambtenarenapparaat, als van de meerderheid van de Nederlandse burgers, die in de oorlogsjaren laveerden tussen collaboratie en verzet.

"Black Shame offers a detailed analysis of the recruitment and deployment of and reactions to African soldiers in the WWI European theatre of war. In so doing, the book paints a vivid picture of the wider debates of race and national identity provoked by the use of African troops within the main actors on the WWI scene: France, Britain, Germany and even the US. Drawing on war-time attitudes, Dick van Galen Last explores the reality and long-term consequences of the participation of African regiments in the post-war occupation of the German territories. Wide-ranging, both geographically and thematically, the first publication of its kind, Black Shame adds a fresh, truly comparative perspective to the scholarship in the fields of imperial and military history, as well as war studies and postcolonial studies, and will appeal to academics and postgraduate students alike."--Bloomsbury Publishing

Lard, Lice and Longevity reconstructs economic policies implemented in Denmark and the Netherlands during the German occupation. It clearly shows that the experiences of both these countries during World War I, and during the 1930s equipped them to introduce extensive and intrusive economic controls to ward off a subsistence crisis. In spite of the strong similarities between the two countries in terms of policies and economic order, there remains a glaring difference between the two. Throughout the occupation years, the Netherlands suffered a markedly higher level of child mortality than before or after the war, caused by an upsurge of infectious diseases. Child health in Denmark, on the other hand, declined during the occupation years, and infectious diseases rose only marginally there. In spite of similar policies, hence, the outcome in terms of the biological standard of living was dissimilar. By closely investigating the impact of various policies on everyday life, and the amounts of goods available to different groups of consumers, this study identifies the causes of this remarkable divergence.